Java——GUI

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GUI(Graphical User Interface)即图形用户界面,它能够使应用程序看上去更加友好;

一、简介

Gui的核心技术:Swing AWT

现在gui逐渐被淘汰,因为:

  1. 界面不美观
  2. 需要jre环境

为什么我们要学习?

  1. 可以写出自己想要的小工具
  2. 工作时候可能会遇到维护Swing界面,概率特别小!
  3. 了解MVC架构,了解监听!

二、AWT

1、介绍

  1. 包含了很多类和接口!GUI!
  2. 元素:窗口、按钮、文本框
  3. java.awt

img

2、组件和容器

2.1Frame

  • 单个frame
方法名 描述
setVisible(true) 组件可见(True)/不可见(False)
setLocation(int x,int y) 组件初始位置
setResizable(false) 设置大小是否固定
setSize(int x,int y) 设置窗口大小
setBackground(new Color(161, 52, 52)) 设置窗口颜色
setBounds(int x, int y,int w, int h) 设置初始位置+窗口大小
package com.gong.Demo01;

import java.awt.*;

/**
 * frame窗口
 */
public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Frame jdk
        Frame frame = new Frame("第一个Frame");

        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置初始位置
        frame.setLocation(100,100);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //设置窗口颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(161, 52, 52));

    }
}

效果:

image-20210916121415031

问题:无法关闭窗口,停止java程序!

  • 如何一次性输出多个frame

我们套先写一个先写一个frame的封装类MyFrame然后再写测试类Frame02:

package com.gong.Demo01;

import java.awt.*;

public class Frame02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200,Color.red);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200,Color.green);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200,Color.blue);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200,Color.pink);

    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame {
    static int id = 0;//窗口ID

    //先写构造函数
    public MyFrame(int x, int y, int w, int h,Color color) {
        super("MyFrame" + (++id));
        //一次性设置setsize和setLocation
        setBounds(x, y, w, h);
        //可视
        setVisible(true);
        //不可缩放
        setResizable(false);
        //设置背景颜色
        setBackground(color);

    }
}

效果:多frame

2.2panel 面板

  • frame中放置一个固定面板
  • Panel是面板,可以放在窗口中,不能单独存在
  • 方法
    • add();将组件放入容器中
package com.gong.Demo01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
 * panel面板
 */
public class Panel03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("Panel学习");
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);
        //frame坐标 是绝对位置
        frame.setBounds(400, 400, 500, 500);
        //panel坐标 是相对位置 在frame内部
        panel.setBounds(100,100,300,300);
        //颜色设置
        frame.setBackground(Color.cyan);
        panel.setBackground(Color.pink);
        //绑定panel
        frame.add(panel);
        //可视化
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //事件监听 点x可以关闭的设置
        //要使用适配模式 减少重写方法
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //0正常退出 1异常
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
  • 显示效果

panel

注意:由于写了关闭事件监听器,所以点击关闭可以退出窗口。

3、布局管理

  • 流式布局 Flowlayout

  • setLayout();设置布局

    流式布局

package com.gong.Demo01;

import java.awt.*;

/**
 * 流式布局
 */
public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("流布局");
        //设置布局为流式布局 向左对齐
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        //按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");
        Button button5 = new Button("button5");
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.add(button4);
        frame.add(button5);
        frame.setSize(500,500);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setLocation(100, 100);

    }
}
  • 五点式布局(东西南北中)

    五点布局

package com.gong.Demo01;

import java.awt.*;

/**
 * 五点式布局
 */
public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("五点式布局");
        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");
        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.setSize(300,300);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}
  • 表格布局 GridLayout

    表格布局

package com.gong.Demo01;

import java.awt.*;

/**
 * 表格布局
 */
public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("表格布局");
        //设置布局为表格布局
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout());
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");
        Button button5 = new Button("button5");
        Button button6 = new Button("button6");
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.add(button4);
        frame.add(button5);
        frame.add(button6);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //pack是java的方法自动填充
        //frame.pack();
        frame.setSize(300,300);

    }
}

运用,Homework

package com.gong.Demo01;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

/**
 * 实现要求布局
 */
public class HomeWork {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("HomeWork");
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        //frame.setResizable(false);
        Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel panel3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
        frame.setSize(600,600);
        frame.setLocation(600, 400);
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //上半部分
        panel1.add(new Button("west-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel1.add(new Button("east-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel1.add(panel2);
        panel2.add(new Button("top1"),BorderLayout.NORTH);
        panel2.add(new Button("top2"),BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(panel1);
        //下半部分
        panel3.add(new Button("west-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel3.add(new Button("east-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel3.add(panel4);
        for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
            panel4.add(new Button("under-btn-"+i));
        }
        frame.add(panel3);

    }
}

homework

总结

  1. Frame是一个顶级窗口
  2. Panel无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中
  3. 布局管理器
    1. 流式布局FlowLayout
    2. 东西南北中BorderLayout
    3. 表格GridLayout
  4. 大小、颜色、背景颜色、可见性

4、事件监听

事件监听:当某个事情发生的时候,干什么

  • addActionListener()

添加事件监听

package test.lxz.demo06;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮,触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());
        //给button添加一个事件监听器addActionListener
        //发现addActionListener需要一个参数ActionListener
        //参数ActionListener点进去看是一个接口
        //于是我们写一个类MyActionListener来实现这个接口,在这个类里面写上我们想绑定实现的事情
        frame.add(button, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
        windowClose(frame);//关闭窗口
    }
    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {
    //Alt+ins,自动填充需要实现的成员方法
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //写上我们想做的事件;
        //即绑定事件
        System.out.println("我是button,您已点击");
        //System.exit(0);//退出系统
    }
}

多个按钮,实现同一个窗口

package com.gong.Demo02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
 * 事件监听
 */
public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button btn1 = new Button("开始");
        Button btn2 = new Button("结束");
        btn1.setActionCommand("start");
        btn2.setActionCommand("end");
        frame.add(btn1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(btn2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(100,100);
        frame.setLocation(600, 300);
        windowClose(frame);
        //添加button事件监听
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        //监听的参数是重写的接口类
        btn1.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        btn2.addActionListener(myActionListener);

    }
    //关闭窗口方法
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//btn1.addActionListener()的参数
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if (e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){
            System.out.println("开始开始");
        }else if (e.getActionCommand().equals("end")){
            System.out.println("结束了");
        }
    }
}

5、输入框TextField监听

输入框TextField监听按下enter就会触发事件

package com.gong.Demo02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
/**
 * 文本框监控
 */
public class TextDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame();
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        //设置隐藏替换 如需要输入密码的时候
        textField.setEchoChar('*');
        add(textField);
        //输入框监听会在按下enter时触发
        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        textField.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        setVisible(true);
        setSize(100,100);
        setLocation(600, 300);
    }
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //获取输入的东西
        TextField text = (TextField) e.getSource();
        //getText() 获得输入框文本
        System.out.println(text.getText());
        //每次输入完后清空
        text.setText(""); //null
    }
}

6、简易计算器,回顾组合内部类

oop原则:组合,大于 继承!

//继承
class A extends B{

}
//降低耦合而且可以用B的功能
//组合
class A{
    public B b{

    }
}
package com.gong.Demo02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

/**
 * 建议计算器实现
 */
public class TestCalcu {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyCaclulator();
    }
}
class MyCaclulator extends Frame {
    public MyCaclulator(){
        //1.三个输入框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(15);
        //2.一个label标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //3.一个button按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        //监听
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        //可视
        setVisible(true);
        setSize(100,100);
        pack();

    }
}
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3) {
        this.num1=num1;
        this.num2=num2;
        this.num3=num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //确定加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        //将结果放在第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //清空前两个输入框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

升级版:面向对象,组合类

package test.lxz.demo10;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
        calculator.loadFrame();
        windowsClose(calculator);
    }
    private static void windowsClose(Calculator calculator) {
        calculator.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                super.windowClosing(e);
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//计算类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1, num2, num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame() {
        //3个文本框 1个按钮    1个标签
        num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
    //获取计算器这个对象,在一个类中组合另外的一个类。
    //声明后好赋值
    Calculator calculator = null;
    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数与没被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        //2.运算加法,放到第三个框
        calculator.num3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
        //3,清楚前面俩个框
        calculator.num1.setText(null);
        calculator.num2.setText(null);
    }
}

更高级的版本:内部类!! !很重要

  • 内部类:更好的包装
  • 内部类最大的好处,就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部的属性和方法
package com.gong.Demo02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

/**
 * 建议计算器实现
 */
public class TestCalcu {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyCalculator().LoadCalculator();
    }
}
//计算类
class MyCalculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void LoadCalculator(){
        //1.三个输入框
        //2.一个label标签
        //3.一个button按钮
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(15);
        Label label = new Label("+");
        Button button = new Button("=");
        //监听
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        //可视
        setVisible(true);
        setSize(100,100);
        pack();
    }
    //监听类  内部类
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //确定加数和被加数
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            //将结果放在第三个框
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            //清空前两个输入框
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

7、画笔

package com.gong.Demo02;

import java.awt.*;
/**
 * 画笔
 */
public class Demo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().LoadMyPaint();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
    public void LoadMyPaint(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(600,300,600,600);
    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //设置画笔颜色以及画个空心圆
        g.setColor(Color.cyan);
        g.drawOval(100, 100, 100, 100);
        //设置画笔颜色以及画个实心矩形
        g.setColor(Color.pink);
        g.fillRect(200,200,100,100);
        //注:画笔每次用完后颜色要重置 改成默认
    }
}

8、鼠标监听

  • addMouseListener();添加事件监听
  • getMousePosition()获得鼠标位置x,y
package com.gong.JFrameDemo
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFrame frame = new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame {
    //需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前位置,需要集合来存储这个点
    ArrayList points;
    public MyFrame(String title) {
        super(title);
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(650, 300, 400, 400);
        //存鼠标点击的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();
        //鼠标监听器,针对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
        /**
         *         ctrl点击进去,参数是MouseListener对象
         *         再点击进去MouseListener,是一个接口继承事件监听类(单击之类的事件监听)
         *         public interface MouseListener extends EventListener
         *         我们写一个MyMouseListener的类来实现MouseListener,发现继承要实现好多个方法
         *         这时我们就可以选择采用适配器模式
         *         private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{}
         *         这样只需重写我们要的方法!!!
         */
        this.addWindowListener(new windowsClose());
    }
    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标    按下  弹起  按住不放
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            /**
             * e.getSource(),返回当前对象
             * 谁调用就返回谁
             */
            MyFrame myFrame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            //我们点击的时候,就会在界面上产生一个点!
            //这个点就是鼠标的坐标
            Point position = myFrame.getMousePosition();
          //获取坐标方法2
            //new Point(e.getX(),e.getY());
            points.add(position);
            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            myFrame.repaint()
        }
    }
    //画画,那我就重写paint方法
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画,监听鼠标的事件 ==> 所以需要写个鼠标监听器
        //鼠标监听器针对窗口,所有写在构造器里面
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.pink);
            g.fillOval(point.x, point.y, 10, 10);
        }
    }
    class windowsClose extends WindowAdapter {
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
}

9、窗口监听

  • addWindowListener窗口监听

重要windowsClosing和windowsActivated

package test.lxz.demo14;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import static java.lang.Thread.sleep;
public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame {
    public WindowFrame() {
        setBackground(Color.cyan);
        setBounds(650, 300, 500, 500);
        setVisible(true);
        addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
    }
    //内部类
    class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter {
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口
            //思考,通过按钮来绑定隐藏窗口事件
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
}

这里是内部类,这个类不建议这样写,只用一次,这里建议写成匿名内部类

package test.lxz.demo14;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import static java.lang.Thread.sleep;
public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame {
    public WindowFrame() {
        setBackground(Color.cyan);
        setBounds(650, 300, 500, 500);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("你点击了关闭,即将退出游戏!");
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
    /**
     *     class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter {
     *         @Override
     *         public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
     *             setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口
     *             //思考,通过按钮来绑定隐藏窗口事件
     *             System.exit(0);
     *
     *         }
     *     }
     */
}

10、键盘监听

  • addKeyListener键盘 监听
package com.gong.Demo03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/**
 * 键盘监听
 */
public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyKeyListener();
    }

}
class MyKeyListener extends Frame{
    public MyKeyListener(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(600, 300, 500, 500);
        addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                System.out.println(keyCode);
                                //KeyEvent
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按了上");
                }

            }
        });
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}


三、Swing

内置了关闭操作不用自己写

setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

3.1、窗口、面板

  • getContentPane()

获取JFrame的内容面板,组件都要放在容器内

  • 其他方法和AWT窗口差不多
package test.lxz.swing.demo01;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo {
    //init():初始化
    //越来越接近实际开发
    public void init() {
        //JFrame是一个顶级窗口,窗口也是容器
        JFrame jFrame = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        //jFrame.setBackground(Color.pink);
        /**
         * 上面的frame.setBackground(Color.pink);无效
         * JFrame这样的框架,一旦创建,在其中就已经包含一个内容面板,一般我们在往JFrame中添加组件时,
         * 都加在了内容面板中,这个面板可以通过JFrame的成员方法getContentPane()取出来,
         * 所以如果设置JFrame的背景颜色,仍然会被内容面板盖住,不如设置内容面板的背景颜色
         *
         * 这里我们设置背景颜色呢
         * 我可以实例化容器
         * Container contentPane = jFrame.getContentPane();
         * 在容器里设置背景颜色
         */
        jFrame.setBounds(650, 300, 500, 500);
        jFrame.setVisible(true);
        //设置文字Jlable
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("这是JLabel");
        //jFrame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);//设置水平居中
        jFrame.add(jLabel);
        //获得容器
        Container contentPane = jFrame.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.pink);
        //关闭事件
        /**
         * 人家继承Frame,已经实现许多监听事件,再自己写就很low
         * setDefaultCloseOperation默认的关闭事件
         * 参数是WindowConstants常量
         */
        jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    //接下来才去主函数生成窗口
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }
}

3.2、弹窗

弹窗窗口继承JDialog

package test.lxz.swing.demo02;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700, 500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //JFrame 放东西,容器
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        contentPane.setLayout(null);
        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建
        button.setBounds(30, 30, 200, 50);
        //点击这个按钮的时候,弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { //监听器
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialog("创建弹窗啦");
            }
        });
        contentPane.add(button);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialog extends JDialog {
    public MyDialog(String title) {
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 500, 500);
        this.setVisible(true);
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);多余,默认就可以关掉
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(null);
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.pink);
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("这是一个弹窗呀!");
        jLabel.setBounds(100, 200, 200, 50);
        jLabel.setFont(new Font("", 0, 30));
        contentPane.add(jLabel);
    }
}

3.3、标签

画一个标签

package test.lxz.swing.demo03;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图标,需要实现类,继承Frame
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;
    public IconDemo() {
    }//无参构造函数
    public IconDemo(int width, int height) {
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    }
    public void init() {
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
        //图标放在标签上,也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("label放了图标", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.add(jLabel);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
        iconDemo.init();
    }
  //icon接口实现重写
    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillRect(x, y, width, height);
    }
    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return width;
    }
    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return height;
    }
}

怎么将图片做成标签呢

  • ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);将图片搞成icon
package test.lxz.swing.demo04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo() {
        //获取图片的地址
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        jLabel.setIcon(imageIcon);
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        contentPane.add(jLabel);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(650, 300, 500, 500);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

3.4、面板

package cn.lxz.day05.demo05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public JPanelDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 10, 10));//后面的两个参数代表间距
        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));
        panel1.add(new Button("button1"));
        panel1.add(new Button("button2"));
        panel1.add(new Button("button3"));
        container.add(panel1);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 500, 500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

JScrollPanel

  • JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);卷动面板
package cn.lxz.day05.demo06;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("这是一个文本域");
        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        //scrollPane.add(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(600, 300, 300, 300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

3.5、按钮

按钮添加图标:和给标签添加图标类似

  • setIcon();设置按钮icon
  • setToolTipText();设置按钮提示
package cn.lxz.day06.demo01;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo01() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变成图标
        URL url = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("LXZ.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);
        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);//set…什么,这里设置图标咯
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");//设置提示按钮
        //add
        container.add(button);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500, 500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JButtonDemo01 jButtonDemo01 = new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

单选按钮:

  • ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();

由于单选框只能选择一个,所以给他们分个组。一个组中只能选择一个。

package cn.lxz.day06.demo01;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo02() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变成图标
        URL url01 = JButtonDemo02.class.getResource("1.png");
        URL url02 = JButtonDemo02.class.getResource("2.png");
        URL url03 = JButtonDemo02.class.getResource("3.png");
        Icon icon01 = new ImageIcon(url01);
        Icon icon02 = new ImageIcon(url02);
        Icon icon03 = new ImageIcon(url03);
        //单选框
        JRadioButton jRadioButton01 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton02 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton03 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");
        jRadioButton01.setIcon(icon01);
        jRadioButton02.setIcon(icon02);
        jRadioButton03.setIcon(icon03);
        //由于单选框只能选择一个,所以给他们分个组。一个组中只能选择一个。
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(jRadioButton01);
        group.add(jRadioButton02);
        group.add(jRadioButton03);
        container.add(jRadioButton01, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        container.add(jRadioButton02, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(jRadioButton03, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        this.setVisible(true);
        //this.setSize(500, 500);
        this.setBounds(700, 300, 600, 600);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }
}

复选框按钮:

package cn.lxz.day06.demo01;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo03() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变成图标
        URL url01 = JButtonDemo03.class.getResource("1.png");
        URL url02 = JButtonDemo03.class.getResource("2.png");
        URL url03 = JButtonDemo03.class.getResource("3.png");
        Icon icon01 = new ImageIcon(url01);
        Icon icon02 = new ImageIcon(url02);
        Icon icon03 = new ImageIcon(url03);
        //多选框
        JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox("checkBox01");
        JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox("checkBox02");
        JCheckBox checkBox03 = new JCheckBox("checkBox03");
//
//        checkBox01.setIcon(icon01);
//        checkBox02.setIcon(icon02);
//        checkBox03.setIcon(icon03);
        container.add(checkBox01, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        container.add(checkBox02, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(checkBox03, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        this.setVisible(true);
        //this.setSize(500, 500);
        this.setBounds(700, 300, 600, 600);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

3.6、列表

下拉框:

  • JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox();创建下拉框
  • addItem()列表添加元素
package cn.lxz.day06.demo02;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo01() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox();
        comboBox.addItem(null);
        comboBox.addItem("aaa");
        comboBox.addItem("bbb");
        comboBox.addItem("ccc");
        comboBox.addItem("ddd");
        container.add(comboBox);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(700, 300, 500, 500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo01();
    }
}

列表框:

  • 应用场景
    • 选择地区,或者一些单个选项
    • 列表,展示信息,一般是动态扩容
package cn.lxz.day06.demo02;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;
public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo02() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //生成列表的内容
        //String[] contens = {"1", "2", "3", "4", "5"};
        Vector vector = new Vector();
        vector.add("列表1");
        vector.add("列表2");
        vector.add("列表3");
        vector.add("列表4");
        vector.add("列表5");
        vector.add("列表6");
        vector.add("列表7");
        //列表中需要放入内容
        //JList jList = new JList(contens);
        JList jList = new JList(vector);
        container.add(jList);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(700, 300, 500, 500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo02();
    }
}

3.7、文本框

文本框

  • JTextField jTextField1 = new JTextField()创建文本狂
package cn.lxz.day06.demo03;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo01() {
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        JTextField jTextField1 = new JTextField("Hello");
        JTextField jTextField2 = new JTextField("World", 20);
        contentPane.add(jTextField1, BorderLayout.EAST);
        contentPane.add(jTextField2, BorderLayout.WEST);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500, 350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo01();
    }
}

密码框

  • JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();创建密码框
  • setEchoChar('#');手动设置隐藏符
package cn.lxz.day06.demo03;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo03() {
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();//默认就是*****
        //手动设置为###########
        jPasswordField.setEchoChar('#');
        contentPane.add(jPasswordField);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(500, 350);
        this.setVisible(true);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo03();
    }
}

文本域

  • JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50);创建文本域
package cn.lxz.day05.demo06;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("这是一个文本域");
        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        //scrollPane.add(textArea);
        container.add(scrollPane);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(600, 300, 300, 300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

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